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OpenAlex

Monthly scholarly works in OpenAlex by publication date since 2015: AI fields, adjacent fields, computer-science and all-works baselines, retraction and integrity counts, open-access share, and AI's derived share of computer science.

cadence · monthly 29 series updated 5 Sep 2026 openalex.org ↗
release markers

All works

1.4M +98.3% yr as of Aug 2026
02.0M4.0M6.0M8.0M10.0M201520162017201820192020202120222023202420252026Copilot GAClaude 3Gemini 2.5 Pro
⚠️ Many papers record only a year, not a month, so OpenAlex counts them all in January and every January looks huge. OpenAlex also added tens of millions of papers in late 2025, so the counts before and after that date measure different things.

AI fields

OpenAlex applies its subject labels across all of science, so "Artificial intelligence" here is larger than the whole Computer Science field.

Artificial intelligence

197k +160.7% yr as of Aug 2026
0100k200k300k400k500k600k700k201520162017201820192020202120222023202420252026Copilot GAClaude 3Gemini 2.5 Pro

Machine learning

44.4k +82.7% yr as of Aug 2026
020.0k40.0k60.0k80.0k201520162017201820192020202120222023202420252026Copilot GAClaude 3Gemini 2.5 Pro

Natural language processing

24.3k +247.6% yr as of Aug 2026
020.0k40.0k60.0k80.0k201520162017201820192020202120222023202420252026Copilot GAClaude 3Gemini 2.5 Pro

Deep learning

12.0k +42.4% yr as of Aug 2026
05.0k10.0k15.0k20.0k25.0k30.0k35.0k201520162017201820192020202120222023202420252026Copilot GAClaude 3Gemini 2.5 Pro

Computer vision

25.8k +80.9% yr as of Aug 2026
010.0k20.0k30.0k40.0k50.0k60.0k201520162017201820192020202120222023202420252026Copilot GAClaude 3Gemini 2.5 Pro

Reinforcement learning

4.4k +98.3% yr as of Aug 2026
02.0k4.0k6.0k8.0k10.0k201520162017201820192020202120222023202420252026Copilot GAClaude 3Gemini 2.5 Pro

Speech recognition

8.4k +72.7% yr as of Aug 2026
02.0k4.0k6.0k8.0k10.0k12.0k14.0k201520162017201820192020202120222023202420252026Copilot GAClaude 3Gemini 2.5 Pro

LLM era

We search the title text only. These series miss a paper that says just "LLM" or "foundation model", or that names the topic outside the title.

"large language model" in title

2.6k +66.5% yr as of Aug 2026
01.0k2.0k3.0k4.0k5.0k6.0k7.0k201520162017201820192020202120222023202420252026Copilot GAClaude 3Gemini 2.5 Pro

"ChatGPT" in title

525 −10.6% yr as of Aug 2026
05001.0k1.5k2.0k201520162017201820192020202120222023202420252026Copilot GAClaude 3Gemini 2.5 Pro
This series starts in January 2021. We checked several earlier months and found no papers with ChatGPT in the title.

Adjacent fields

Chatbots

840 +107.4% yr as of Aug 2026
05001.0k1.5k2.0k201520162017201820192020202120222023202420252026Copilot GAClaude 3Gemini 2.5 Pro

Misinformation

657 +103.4% yr as of Aug 2026
02004006008001.0k1.2k1.4k1.6k201520162017201820192020202120222023202420252026Copilot GAClaude 3Gemini 2.5 Pro

Disinformation

433 +168.9% yr as of Aug 2026
02004006008001.0k201520162017201820192020202120222023202420252026Copilot GAClaude 3Gemini 2.5 Pro

Academic integrity

158 +105.2% yr as of Aug 2026
050100150200250300350201520162017201820192020202120222023202420252026Copilot GAClaude 3Gemini 2.5 Pro

Plagiarism detection

38 +171.4% yr as of Aug 2026
020406080201520162017201820192020202120222023202420252026Copilot GAClaude 3Gemini 2.5 Pro

Drug discovery

2.7k +158.8% yr as of Aug 2026
01.0k2.0k3.0k4.0k5.0k201520162017201820192020202120222023202420252026Copilot GAClaude 3Gemini 2.5 Pro

Protein structure prediction

156 +225.0% yr as of Aug 2026
050100150200201520162017201820192020202120222023202420252026Copilot GAClaude 3Gemini 2.5 Pro

Automation

8.1k +244.4% yr as of Aug 2026
05.0k10.0k15.0k20.0k201520162017201820192020202120222023202420252026Copilot GAClaude 3Gemini 2.5 Pro

Labour economics

2.9k +128.7% yr as of Aug 2026
02.0k4.0k6.0k8.0k10.0k201520162017201820192020202120222023202420252026Copilot GAClaude 3Gemini 2.5 Pro

Computer Science

Computer Science (field)

85.0k +76.9% yr as of Aug 2026
050.0k100k150k200k201520162017201820192020202120222023202420252026Copilot GAClaude 3Gemini 2.5 Pro

AI (CS subfield)

39.0k +130.7% yr as of Aug 2026
010.0k20.0k30.0k40.0k50.0k60.0k70.0k201520162017201820192020202120222023202420252026Copilot GAClaude 3Gemini 2.5 Pro

AI share of Computer Science derived

45.9% +30.4% yr as of Aug 2026
01020304050201520162017201820192020202120222023202420252026Copilot GAClaude 3Gemini 2.5 Pro
AI papers ÷ all computer science papers, both from OpenAlex's own algorithm. ⚠️ The papers OpenAlex added in late 2025 may lift the 2026 level, so read the long rise and not the recent months.

Research integrity

Retracted works

306 −42.3% yr as of Aug 2026
01.0k2.0k3.0k4.0k5.0k6.0k201520162017201820192020202120222023202420252026Copilot GAClaude 3Gemini 2.5 Pro
⚠️ OpenAlex counts each retracted paper in its publication month, not in the month of the retraction. A retraction takes years, so the recent fall is not real.

Peer review (research on)

1.0k +243.1% yr as of Aug 2026
05001.0k1.5k2.0k201520162017201820192020202120222023202420252026Copilot GAClaude 3Gemini 2.5 Pro

Retraction rate derived

0.1% −50.9% yr as of Aug 2026
00.10.20.30.40.50.6201520162017201820192020202120222023202420252026Copilot GAClaude 3Gemini 2.5 Pro
Retracted papers ÷ all journal articles, by the month of publication. ⚠️ A retraction takes years, so this rate falls to zero for the newest months.

Baseline

All journal articles

519k +17.6% yr as of Aug 2026
0500k1.0M1.5M2.0M2.5M201520162017201820192020202120222023202420252026Copilot GAClaude 3Gemini 2.5 Pro

Publishing mode

Preprints

163k +350.7% yr as of Aug 2026
050.0k100k150k200k250k300k201520162017201820192020202120222023202420252026Copilot GAClaude 3Gemini 2.5 Pro

arXiv-hosted works

35.7k +252.4% yr as of Aug 2026
010.0k20.0k30.0k40.0k50.0k60.0k201520162017201820192020202120222023202420252026Copilot GAClaude 3Gemini 2.5 Pro
OpenAlex counts these works by publication date. Our arXiv source counts by submission date, so the two charts do not match.

Figures

SeriesLatestChangeMinMaxCoverage
All works1.4M+98.3% yr447k9.5MJan 2015 — Aug 2026
Artificial intelligence197k+160.7% yr23.7k667kJan 2015 — Aug 2026
Machine learning44.4k+82.7% yr6.0k90.4kJan 2015 — Aug 2026
Natural language processing24.3k+247.6% yr1.4k83.4kJan 2015 — Aug 2026
Deep learning12.0k+42.4% yr7236.1kJan 2015 — Aug 2026
"large language model" in title2.6k+66.5% yr07.1kJan 2015 — Aug 2026
Chatbots840+107.4% yr02.2kJan 2015 — Aug 2026
Misinformation657+103.4% yr161.7kJan 2015 — Aug 2026
Disinformation433+168.9% yr41.1kJan 2015 — Aug 2026
Academic integrity158+105.2% yr14335Jan 2015 — Aug 2026
Plagiarism detection38+171.4% yr385Jan 2015 — Aug 2026
Drug discovery2.7k+158.8% yr2215.5kJan 2015 — Aug 2026
Protein structure prediction156+225.0% yr10197Jan 2015 — Aug 2026
Copyright109+137.0% yr20415Jan 2015 — Aug 2026
Computer Science (field)85.0k+76.9% yr23.2k198kJan 2015 — Aug 2026
Computer vision25.8k+80.9% yr4.5k57.1kJan 2015 — Aug 2026
Reinforcement learning4.4k+98.3% yr6310.2kJan 2015 — Aug 2026
AI (CS subfield)39.0k+130.7% yr5.0k69.3kJan 2015 — Aug 2026
Speech recognition8.4k+72.7% yr90314.6kJan 2015 — Aug 2026
Retracted works306−42.3% yr1576.3kJan 2015 — Aug 2026
Peer review (research on)1.0k+243.1% yr532.1kJan 2015 — Aug 2026
All journal articles519k+17.6% yr291k2.6MJan 2015 — Aug 2026
Preprints163k+350.7% yr7.1k287kJan 2015 — Aug 2026
AI share of Computer Science45.9%+30.4% yr18.1%45.9%Jan 2015 — Aug 2026
Retraction rate0.1%−50.9% yr0.0%0.7%Jan 2015 — Aug 2026
arXiv-hosted works35.7k+252.4% yr4.4k62.8kJan 2015 — Aug 2026
Automation8.1k+244.4% yr23719.5kJan 2015 — Aug 2026
Labour economics2.9k+128.7% yr88910.3kJan 2015 — Aug 2026
"ChatGPT" in title525−10.6% yr02.0kJan 2021 — Aug 2026
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