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OpenAlex

Monthly scholarly works in OpenAlex by publication date since 2015: AI fields, adjacent fields, computer-science and all-works baselines, retraction and integrity counts, open-access share, and AI's derived share of computer science.

cadence · monthly 29 series updated 22 Jul 2026 openalex.org ↗
release markers

All works

1.7M +95.2% yr as of Jun 2026
02.0M4.0M6.0M8.0M10.0M201520162017201820192020202120222023202420252026Copilot GAClaude 3Gemini 2.5 Pro
⚠️ Many papers record only a year, not a month, so OpenAlex counts them all in January and every January looks huge. OpenAlex also added tens of millions of papers in late 2025, so the counts before and after that date measure different things.

AI fields

OpenAlex applies its subject labels across all of science, so "Artificial intelligence" here is larger than the whole Computer Science field.

Artificial intelligence

193k +121.9% yr as of Jun 2026
0100k200k300k400k500k600k700k201520162017201820192020202120222023202420252026Copilot GAClaude 3Gemini 2.5 Pro

Machine learning

53.0k +100.9% yr as of Jun 2026
020.0k40.0k60.0k80.0k201520162017201820192020202120222023202420252026Copilot GAClaude 3Gemini 2.5 Pro

Natural language processing

31.3k +265.1% yr as of Jun 2026
020.0k40.0k60.0k80.0k201520162017201820192020202120222023202420252026Copilot GAClaude 3Gemini 2.5 Pro

Deep learning

15.7k +118.4% yr as of Jun 2026
05.0k10.0k15.0k20.0k25.0k30.0k35.0k201520162017201820192020202120222023202420252026Copilot GAClaude 3Gemini 2.5 Pro

Computer vision

29.5k +87.0% yr as of Jun 2026
010.0k20.0k30.0k40.0k50.0k60.0k201520162017201820192020202120222023202420252026Copilot GAClaude 3Gemini 2.5 Pro

Reinforcement learning

5.5k +111.8% yr as of Jun 2026
02.0k4.0k6.0k8.0k10.0k201520162017201820192020202120222023202420252026Copilot GAClaude 3Gemini 2.5 Pro

Speech recognition

9.8k +144.7% yr as of Jun 2026
02.0k4.0k6.0k8.0k10.0k12.0k14.0k201520162017201820192020202120222023202420252026Copilot GAClaude 3Gemini 2.5 Pro

LLM era

We search the title text only. These series miss a paper that says just "LLM" or "foundation model", or that names the topic outside the title.

"large language model" in title

3.5k +75.2% yr as of Jun 2026
01.0k2.0k3.0k4.0k5.0k6.0k7.0k201520162017201820192020202120222023202420252026Copilot GAClaude 3Gemini 2.5 Pro

"ChatGPT" in title

643 +5.6% yr as of Oct 2024
02004006008001.0k1.2k1.4k1.6k1.8k201520162017201820192020202120222023202420252026Copilot GAClaude 3Gemini 2.5 Pro
This series starts in January 2021. We checked several earlier months and found no papers with ChatGPT in the title.

Adjacent fields

Chatbots

1.2k +153.3% yr as of Jun 2026
05001.0k1.5k2.0k201520162017201820192020202120222023202420252026Copilot GAClaude 3Gemini 2.5 Pro

Misinformation

870 +120.8% yr as of Jun 2026
02004006008001.0k1.2k1.4k1.6k201520162017201820192020202120222023202420252026Copilot GAClaude 3Gemini 2.5 Pro

Disinformation

555 +160.6% yr as of Jun 2026
02004006008001.0k201520162017201820192020202120222023202420252026Copilot GAClaude 3Gemini 2.5 Pro

Academic integrity

195 +186.8% yr as of Jun 2026
050100150200250300350201520162017201820192020202120222023202420252026Copilot GAClaude 3Gemini 2.5 Pro

Plagiarism detection

49 +390.0% yr as of Jun 2026
020406080201520162017201820192020202120222023202420252026Copilot GAClaude 3Gemini 2.5 Pro

Drug discovery

3.8k +313.6% yr as of Jun 2026
01.0k2.0k3.0k4.0k5.0k201520162017201820192020202120222023202420252026Copilot GAClaude 3Gemini 2.5 Pro

Protein structure prediction

161 +235.4% yr as of Jun 2026
050100150200201520162017201820192020202120222023202420252026Copilot GAClaude 3Gemini 2.5 Pro

Automation

10.5k +404.4% yr as of Jun 2026
05.0k10.0k15.0k20.0k201520162017201820192020202120222023202420252026Copilot GAClaude 3Gemini 2.5 Pro

Labour economics

3.5k +141.7% yr as of Jun 2026
02.0k4.0k6.0k8.0k10.0k201520162017201820192020202120222023202420252026Copilot GAClaude 3Gemini 2.5 Pro

Computer Science

Computer Science (field)

96.3k +52.8% yr as of Jun 2026
050.0k100k150k200k201520162017201820192020202120222023202420252026Copilot GAClaude 3Gemini 2.5 Pro

AI (CS subfield)

38.0k +81.9% yr as of Jun 2026
010.0k20.0k30.0k40.0k50.0k60.0k70.0k201520162017201820192020202120222023202420252026Copilot GAClaude 3Gemini 2.5 Pro

AI share of Computer Science derived

39.4% +19.0% yr as of Jun 2026
010203040201520162017201820192020202120222023202420252026Copilot GAClaude 3Gemini 2.5 Pro
AI papers ÷ all computer science papers, both from OpenAlex's own algorithm. ⚠️ The papers OpenAlex added in late 2025 may lift the 2026 level, so read the long rise and not the recent months.

Research integrity

Retracted works

320 −21.8% yr as of Jun 2026
01.0k2.0k3.0k4.0k5.0k6.0k201520162017201820192020202120222023202420252026Copilot GAClaude 3Gemini 2.5 Pro
⚠️ OpenAlex counts each retracted paper in its publication month, not in the month of the retraction. A retraction takes years, so the recent fall is not real.

Peer review (research on)

1.1k +378.0% yr as of Jun 2026
05001.0k1.5k2.0k201520162017201820192020202120222023202420252026Copilot GAClaude 3Gemini 2.5 Pro

Retraction rate derived

0.0% −34.9% yr as of Jun 2026
00.10.20.30.40.50.6201520162017201820192020202120222023202420252026Copilot GAClaude 3Gemini 2.5 Pro
Retracted papers ÷ all journal articles, by the month of publication. ⚠️ A retraction takes years, so this rate falls to zero for the newest months.

Baseline

All journal articles

672k +20.1% yr as of Jun 2026
0500k1.0M1.5M2.0M2.5M201520162017201820192020202120222023202420252026Copilot GAClaude 3Gemini 2.5 Pro

Publishing mode

Preprints

145k +239.2% yr as of Jun 2026
050.0k100k150k200k250k300k201520162017201820192020202120222023202420252026Copilot GAClaude 3Gemini 2.5 Pro

arXiv-hosted works

58.2k +255.5% yr as of Jun 2026
010.0k20.0k30.0k40.0k50.0k60.0k201520162017201820192020202120222023202420252026Copilot GAClaude 3Gemini 2.5 Pro
OpenAlex counts these works by publication date. Our arXiv source counts by submission date, so the two charts do not match.

Figures

SeriesLatestChangeMinMaxCoverage
All works1.7M+95.2% yr447k9.5MJan 2015 — Jun 2026
Artificial intelligence193k+121.9% yr23.7k667kJan 2015 — Jun 2026
Machine learning53.0k+100.9% yr6.0k90.4kJan 2015 — Jun 2026
Natural language processing31.3k+265.1% yr1.4k83.4kJan 2015 — Jun 2026
Deep learning15.7k+118.4% yr7236.1kJan 2015 — Jun 2026
"large language model" in title3.5k+75.2% yr07.1kJan 2015 — Jun 2026
Chatbots1.2k+153.3% yr02.2kJan 2015 — Jun 2026
Misinformation870+120.8% yr161.7kJan 2015 — Jun 2026
Disinformation555+160.6% yr41.1kJan 2015 — Jun 2026
Academic integrity195+186.8% yr14335Jan 2015 — Jun 2026
Plagiarism detection49+390.0% yr385Jan 2015 — Jun 2026
Drug discovery3.8k+313.6% yr2215.5kJan 2015 — Jun 2026
Protein structure prediction161+235.4% yr10197Jan 2015 — Jun 2026
Copyright141+78.5% yr20415Jan 2015 — Jun 2026
Computer Science (field)96.3k+52.8% yr23.2k198kJan 2015 — Jun 2026
Computer vision29.5k+87.0% yr4.5k57.1kJan 2015 — Jun 2026
Reinforcement learning5.5k+111.8% yr6310.2kJan 2015 — Jun 2026
AI (CS subfield)38.0k+81.9% yr5.0k69.3kJan 2015 — Jun 2026
Speech recognition9.8k+144.7% yr90314.4kJan 2015 — Jun 2026
Retracted works320−21.8% yr1576.3kJan 2015 — Jun 2026
Peer review (research on)1.1k+378.0% yr532.1kJan 2015 — Jun 2026
All journal articles672k+20.1% yr291k2.6MJan 2015 — Jun 2026
Preprints145k+239.2% yr7.1k287kJan 2015 — Jun 2026
AI share of Computer Science39.4%+19.0% yr18.1%42.3%Jan 2015 — Jun 2026
Retraction rate0.0%−34.9% yr0.0%0.7%Jan 2015 — Jun 2026
arXiv-hosted works58.2k+255.5% yr4.4k62.6kJan 2015 — Jun 2026
Automation10.5k+404.4% yr23719.5kJan 2015 — Jun 2026
Labour economics3.5k+141.7% yr88910.3kJan 2015 — Jun 2026
"ChatGPT" in title643+5.6% yr01.8kJan 2021 — Oct 2024
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